ABSTRACT
Abstract: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid and worldwide devel-opment and investigation of multiple vaccines. While most side effects of these vaccines are mild and transient, potentially severe adverse events may occur and involve the endocrine system. This narrative review aims to explore the current knowledge on potential endocrine adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination, with thyroid disorders being the most common. Data about pi-tuitary, adrenal, diabetes, and gonadal events will also be reviewed. This review also provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of endocrine disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase database (Elsevier), and Google Scholar research were performed. Case reports case series, original studies, and reviews written in English and published online up to 31 August 2023 were selected and reviewed. Data on endocrine adverse events of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is accumulating. However, their causal relationship with COVID-19 vaccines is not strong enough to make a definite conclusion, and further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis mechanisms of endocrine disorders linked to COVID-19 vac-cines.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Thyroid Diseases , Endocrine System Diseases , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
Strong sex differences in the frequencies and manifestations of Long COVID (LC) have been reported with females significantly more likely than males to present with LC after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection1-7. However, whether immunological traits underlying LC differ between sexes, and whether such differences explain the differential manifestations of LC symptomology is currently unknown. Here, we performed sex-based multi-dimensional immune-endocrine profiling of 165 individuals8 with and without LC in an exploratory, cross-sectional study to identify key immunological traits underlying biological sex differences in LC. We found that female and male participants with LC experienced different sets of symptoms, and distinct patterns of organ system involvement, with female participants suffering from a higher symptom burden. Machine learning approaches identified differential sets of immune features that characterized LC in females and males. Males with LC had decreased frequencies of monocyte and DC populations, elevated NK cells, and plasma cytokines including IL-8 and TGF-{beta}-family members. Females with LC had increased frequencies of exhausted T cells, cytokine-secreting T cells, higher antibody reactivity to latent herpes viruses including EBV, HSV-2, and CMV, and lower testosterone levels than their control female counterparts. Testosterone levels were significantly associated with lower symptom burden in LC participants over sex designation. These findings suggest distinct immunological processes of LC in females and males and illuminate the crucial role of immune-endocrine dysregulation in sex-specific pathology.
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COVID-19 , Endocrine System DiseasesABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
XXX Annual Meeting of the Latin American Pediatric Endocrinology Society (SLEP) Bogota, Colombia, October 19-22, 2022.
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapy , Colombia , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
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Endocrine System Diseases , Endocrinology , Child , Humans , Endocrine System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Altered blood hormone and metabolite levels during and post-COVID-19 have been extensively reported. Yet, studies of gene expression at the tissue level that can help identify the causes of endocrine dysfunctions are scarce. We analyzed transcript levels of endocrine-specific genes in five endocrine organs of lethal COVID-19 cases. Overall, 116 autoptic specimens from 77 individuals (50 COVID-19 and 27 uninfected controls) were included. All samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 genome. Investigated organs included adrenals, pancreas, ovary, thyroid and white adipose tissue (WAT). Transcript levels of 42 endocrine-specific and 3 IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were measured and compared between COVID-19 cases (virus-positive and virus-negative in tissue) and uninfected controls. ISG transcript levels were enhanced in tissues positive for SARS-CoV-2. Endocrine-specific genes (e.g., HSD3B2, INS, IAPP, TSHR, FOXE1, LEP, CRYGD) were deregulated in COVID-19 cases in an organ-specific manner. Transcription of organ-specific genes was suppressed in virus-positive specimens of ovary, pancreas and thyroid but enhanced in adrenals. In WAT of COVID-19 cases transcription of ISGs and leptin was enhanced independently of the presence of virus. Our findings suggest that, in COVID-19, endocrine dysfunctions may arise especially when SARS-CoV-2 invades endocrine organs and that transcriptional alterations of endocrine-specific genes may contribute to endocrine manifestations.
Subject(s)
Endocrine System Diseases , Ovarian Neoplasms , Pancreatic Neoplasms , COVID-19ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the problem of autoimmune diseases provocation by coronavirus infection and the role of molecular mimicry in this phenomenon. SARS-CoV-2 can disguise its proteins as human ones in order to avoid immune attack. A bioinformatics analysis of the probable pentapeptide sharing between human autoantigens of endocrinocytes and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, membrane protein and nucleocapsid protein was performed. Antigen mimicry between S-proteins of all other known human Coronaviruses and typical target autoantigens of endocrinocytes was also explored. Six human-identical regions were found in the SARS-CoV-2 membrane and nucleocapsid proteins, all of them in their immunodominant epitopes. All shared epitopes belong to antigens of endocrine cells commonly targeted during autoimmune endocrinopathies. Moreover, samples of the pituitary, adrenal and thyroid from patients who died from coronovirus infection (COVID-19) were studied morphologically using histochemical methods. A high frequency of SARS-CoV-2 caused inflammation of the studied endocrine organs was found in patients who died from severe COVID-19. At the same time, the abundant expression of virus antigens by the cells of the adenohypophysis was combined with the complete absence of its expression by the cells of the neurohypophysis. SARS-CoV-2 infected cells apparently perished by non-apoptotic pathway. The foci of lesions in endocrine organs contained abundant lymphocytic infiltrates which may witness for the impact of autoimmune processes. The facts revealed emphasize the need of endocrinological diagnostic alertness of a physician while observing patients with post-vaccination and post-COVID-19 health disorders. [3 figures, 6 tables, bibliography: 45 references].